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Background Utilizing the internet and digital technology, Australia has enabled the public to participate in a maturing global digital economy. With increasing internet users from 83% in 2014 (ABI Research, 2015) to approximately 90% in 2017 (Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (PM&C), 2016) , PM&C stated that the internet based economy generated $79 billion, equal to 5.1% of GDP, in 2014 while cybercrime could cost Australian 17 billion annually. To avoid financial losses and ensure a safe and secure cyber environment, Australia implemented National Plan to Combat Cybercrime in 2013. The plan is monitored and enforced by Attorney-General’s Department and Australian Signals Directorate. The Effectvieness of Implementation Australian is ranked 7 th in the world for cybersecurity commitments (International Telecommunication Union (ITU), 2017) . There are two significant factors leading to this success. The most important lead is transparent political action. Cl...

Background Cambodia has stepped into the digital economy era since online payment systems are now employed. This evolution depends on the Internet and online communication. It brings with its threats to the cyberspace that could pose financial loss and breaches of confidential information for current and future generations. To sustain cyber trust and avoid the consequence, Cambodia adopted Cambodian Information Communication Technology (ICT) Plan 2020 in 2014 developed by Korean International Cooperation Agency (KOICA). This plan focuses on people, connectivity, capability and e-services (KOICA, 2014) . The implementation of this plan relies on Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (MPTC) as having authority on the ICT field. The Effectvieness of Implementation There have been several contributions that may enable the plan to meet its goals. One drive is government initiative. In the same year of the plan establishment, the first of Cybercrime Law was drafted. The law obj...

Simple Concepts of Authorisation There are always questions asked how access rights (authorisation) should be granted to users when they are signed up as a systems or platform user (end-users and administrative users) - Should they be read-only users? input only users? or full access users? To simply the thought process and make more sense out of this maze, there are some authorization concepts that can be used before designing the access rights matrix or providing user a set of access rights (if the system doesn't allow the grouping of access rights). 1. Need-to-know principle Only assign access rights based on their duties.  For example, if a user's duty is a data entry officer, that user should only be given access to input function of the system or application. It should not be granted the access rights to query the whole bunch of data. This might result the breach of data privacy. 2. Authorization creep The assigning access rights to a user without revie...

Some Useful Key Functions in Excel there are many shortcut that can help you when using MS. Excel to boost your work effective and efficiency. Have a look at the key combination table below. Key Alone Shift Ctrl Alt Shift Ctrl F1 Help What's This Help * Insert Chart Sheet * F2 Edit Mode Edit Comment * Save As * F3 Paste Name Formula Paste Function Define Name * Names From Labels F4 Repeat Action Find Again Close Window Quit Excel * F5 Goto Find Restore Window Size * * F6 Next Pane Prev Pane Next Workbook Switch To VBA Prev Workbook F7 Spell Check * Move Window * * F8 Extend Selection Add To Selection Resize Window Macro List * F9 Calculate All Calculate Worksheet ...